Conjuctions by bo$ki

CONJUNCTIONS

What are Conjunctions ?

Read the following sentences carefully :

1.      Three and three makes six.

2.       He is very rich but he is not happy.

3.       I read the paper because it interests  me.

In sentence 1 , word “and” joins two words .

In sentence 2, word ‘’ but’’ joins two  clauses.

In sentence 3, word ‘’because’’ joins one dependent clause to the main clause  .

 Here the words  – and , but and because play the role of linkers or connectors , which help to link words , phrases and clauses together.

Definition : ‘’A Conjunction is a word which merely joins words , phrases and clauses together ‘’.

They are also known as Linkers, Connectors or joining words. Basically Conjunctions helps us to avoid the usage of multiple short sentences to express a complex idea .

For example  - I like drawing . I like painting . I don’t like painting on walls .

The above given  series of sentences could be shorten up by using appropriate conjunctions .

Like – I like drawing and painting , but I don’t like painting walls.

 Kinds of Conjunction

11.   Coordinating conjunctions
. 2.   Correlative conjunctions

33. Subordinate conjunction

   1.   Coordinating conjunctions :
   Words which help to join  two independent clauses or sentences of equal rank  are called coordinating
c  conjunctions.

     Coordinating conjunctions are further divided into four types :

a   a.   Cumulative : Which merely add one statement to another .

F for eg :                                                                                                                                                         
   Rakhi is beautiful as well as kind.
   Akbar was both a king and social reformer

   b. Adversative : Which express contrast between two statements 
F for eg :
    He is slow , but he is honest .
I   I was annoyed , still I kept quiet .

  c.    Alternative :  Which express  a choice between  two alternatives .

    for eg :
    She must work hard ,or she will fail .
     Either she will do , or she will die .

     d. Illative :  Which express the conclusion drawn  by logical judgement .

    For eg :

     All precautions must be taken , for Dengue  has widely spread .

S   Someone is on the door , for I heard a knock.

Chief coordinating conjunctions are : for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so .

You can remember them by using mnemonic device FANBOYS

·         Any of the coordinating conjunctions , with the exception of ,or ,nor may be omitted and its place taken by comma , semi colon , or colon .

·         Use comma when a coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses.

2. Correlative conjunctions 

Conjunctions which are used in pairs are called correlative conjunctions .

For eg :
 either /or

neither / nor

Though /yet

Both /and

Not only/ but also

Whether /or
·   Conjunctions when used as correlatives must be placed immediately before the word to be connected .For eg 
·   Not only he is foolish ,but also obstinate. .
·   I shall go , whether you come or not .
·   We both love and respect him .

3. Subordinate  conjunctions : 

 A subordinate conjunction helps to join a dependent clause to an independent  one .

The chief subordinating conjunctions are : after , before , though . although , till , unless, if , because , that , as, when , where , while .

Few examples :
1.  He ran away because he was afraid .
2.  You will pass if you work hard .
3.   Since you say so , I must believe it .

EXERCISE 1

Fill in the blanks  with coordinating and correlative conjunctions :
Remember FANBOYS [for, and , nor, but, or , yet , so]

          Two __ two makes four.

2.       He is slow ___ hardworking .

3.       Bread ___ milk is a wholesome food.

4.       Is that story true ___ false ?

5.       The purse has been lost ___ stolen ?

6.       Sunil was looking for his pen _____ could not find it .

7.       He well deserve this award , ____ he has worked hard.

8.       It is ____ useful ___ ornamental.

9.       ______ he is foolish , ______ obstinate .

1.   I do not care _____ you go ___ stay.

EXERCISE 2

Find out the conjunction in the following sentences and state whether it is coordinating , correlative or subordinating conjunction :

1.       Shrey is tall , but  Manya is taller .

2.       He is kind and humble .

3.        He is richer than me .

4.       Do not go before I leave .

5.       I waited till the train arrived .

6.       Catch me if you can .

7.       You will be late unless you hurry.

8.       We eat so that we may live .

9.       You will pass if you work hard .

1.   I read news paper because it interests me .

Exercise  3

Join each pair of the following sentences by means of  a suitable conjunction . Make changes if required .

1.       My brother is well . My sister is ill.

2.       He did not succeed . He worked hard .

3.       He is poor. He is contented.

4.       I honour him . He is a brave man .

5.       He sat down . He was tired.

6.       He finished first. He began late.

7.       My grand father died. I was born

8.       I believe him . He is honest .

9.       He is rich . He is not happy .

1.   He is not a knave . He is not foolish .

EXERCISE 4

Fill in the suitable subordinate conjunction :

 Do not go _____ I return 

She has been ill ____ she arrived in Mumbai .

3.       He worked hard ___ that he may pass.

4.       Suresh looks _____ he were a king .

5.       ____ it is already late ,____ let us go to bed.

6.       ____ you sow, ___ shall you reap .

7.       You cannot enter the hall ____ you show the ticket .

8.       Cotton is more useful _____ silk .

9.      They left the room ____ the clock struck one.

1.   He is rich ____ ,he is not happy.

EXERCISE 5

Choose the most suitable option :

11.   The shops were closed , ____ I could not buy  a book .

aa.   but

bb.      And

cc.       Because

dd.      So

2.2       Why is he dressed ___ a woman ?
aa.     As
bb.      It
cc.       Before
dd .     After

3.3     Run fast ___ you will miss the school van .

aa.       But

bb  .    Or

cc  .     And

d.d      For

4.4      The teacher was angry ___ the children were making noise .

aa.       And

b.b      But

c.c       Or

d.d      Because

55.       Holi is the festival of colour ___ fun.

a.a       And

b.b      But

c.c       Or

d.d      So

6.6       Dhoni hit very hard ___ it was not a six!

aa.       But

b.b      Or

c.c       And

d.d      So

7.7       We went to Goa by air , ____ it saved a lot of time .

a.a       If

bb      So

c.c       But

d.d      Then

8.8       Always lock your door ____ you leave .

a.a       After

b.b      Before

c.c       Then

d.d      Yet

9.9       Hardy is fat ____ Laurel is thin .

a.a       And

bb.      But

c.c       So

d.d      Or

110.   Charley ___ his sister sang together.

a.a       And

b.b      But

c.c       Or
dd.  for 

d 

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