ACTIVE PASSIVE

                                                ACTIVE PASSIVE

To begin with Active and Passive voice ,first we should understand the literal meaning of both the terms  ie; ACTIVE and PASSIVE .

Active means when something is in motion or in action mode, It means, when in a sentence a subject   is active or itself has a direct impression on an action ,this condition is called active voice .

Passive is a state where ,subject is dormant ,and the action is reported by someone else .

for eg:

          The police chased the gangster.

          Q.] Who is the subject in the above mentioned sentence ?

           A.] The Police

          means police is the doer of the action. 

          Q.] Who is object in the sentence ?

          A.]  The gangster.

         It means ,here in above mentioned sentence focus is given on subject because subject ie. Police

         doing an action of chasing gangster.

         If we change the voice into passive mode ,sentence will become

       The gangster was chased by the police. 

     

       here,the subject ie: police is dormant or inactive and the action is reported by someone else ,

       In passive mode focus is given on object rather than subject.

                      RULES OF CONVERSION OF ACTIVE VOICE  INTO  PASSIVE VOICE

1.] First and foremost thing to keep in your mind is, only sentences with transitive verbs means 
     [ with object ]can be converted into passive voice .

2.] subject is replaced by the object and object by subject .
      eg : police as a[ subject] replaced by gangster [object] in passive mode
             The police chased the gangster - active voice
             The gangster was chased by the police- passive voice

3.] V3 -means third form of verb is applied in passive mode.
      eg : in above mentioned sentence verb is already in past form so, we have used it as past 
      participle ,but for eg if it had been ''chase'' then  it would have been  change  into'' chased'' .

4.] ''by''is preceded by subject in passive mode,or you can say it is used after verb 
        eg : the gangster is chased by the police .
         here , you can see ''by'' is used after verb ,or you can say it is preceded by subject  
         ''the police ''.

5.] helping verb in  passive voice is used according to the tense given in active sentence .
     lets take an another example :
     
    '' Sita writes a letter '' -[ active voice] 
      determine the tense used in this sentence ?
      yes ! it is simple present tense .
      therefore we will use '' is '' as a helping verb with third form of verb ie : writes will be 
      changed into ''written''in passive voice.
      '' A letter is written by Sita ''

similarly ,all  helping verbs are changed according to the tense given in active voice, I am giving you the complete chart of conversion of helping verbs according to the tenses.                                                                        active                                                                          passive

 simple present :    Sita writes a letter                                              a letter is written by Sita

present conti :        Sita is writing a letter                                  a letter is being written by Sita

present perfect :    Sita has written a letter                               a letter has been written by Sita

pre perf conti :      ----------------[Cannot be changed into passive voice]-------------------------------- 

simple past :          Sita wrote a letter                                           a letter was written by Sita

past conti              Sita was writing a letter                                a letter was being written by Sita

past perfect :        Sita had written a letter                                a letter had been written by Sita

past perf conti :    ----------------[Cannot be changed into passive voice]------------------------------- 

simple future :      Sita will write a letter                                    a letter will be written by Sita 

future conti  :      _____________[ cannot be changed into passive voice ]_____________

future perfect :      Sita will have written a letter                   a letter will have been written by Sita

future perf cont :   ----------------[Cannot be changed into passive voice]------------------------------

6.] pronouns also change from an active voice to  passive:

       subject in active voice                              subject in passive voice

                 I                                                                 ME
               YOU                                                           YOU
                 WE                                                             US
                 HE                                                             HIM
                SHE                                                            HER
                  IT                                                                IT
                THEY                                                        THEM

other important points to keep in mind :

• If the verb is with modal  auxiliaries [ can / could/ will /shall /should etc] ''be'' is added to them and verb third form is used as we know                                                                            for eg : Sita will complete this work .  [active]                                                                                         This work will be completed by Sita .   [passive]                                                                                  

• If the sentence in active voice is imperative ,we generally use ''let'' with object + ''be '' + v3  or object + should be + v3                                                                                                    for eg : Don't insult the poor.   [active]                                                                                                     Let the poor not be insulted / The poor should not be insulted. [passive]                                                                                                                                                                                    
• If the active voice is in infinite [to] then in passive form only ''be'' is added to the same        for eg : The pen is to write with . [ active]                                                                                                  The pen is to be written with . [ passive]

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 ACTIVE PASSIVE  [ EXERCISE -1 ]  by bo$ki

To begin with practice work ,first we should try to identify the active and passive forms of verbs in the following sentences . 

Identify from the following sentence which are in active voice and which in passive , write [a] for active and [p] for passive .

1.  He was praised by his father
2.  The lion killed the deer -
3.  The puppy was beaten by a dog -
4.  They asked me my name -
5.   My mother will write a letter -
6.   The farmers were doing their work -
7.   I was reading a book -
8.   He worn a torn shirt 
9.   A beautiful song sung by sita -
10. I was annoyed by his behaviour-

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  ACTIVE PASSIVE [EXERCISE -2] by bo$ki

  CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO PASSIVE VOICE

1. The gardener is watering a plant .
2. They were painting the walls .
3. He spoke the truth .
4. His answer annoyed me .
5. I was carrying my bag .
6. Ram opened the door .
7. The boy teased the cow .
8. The cat drank all the milk .
9. The boy is climbing the tree .
10. An earthquake destroyed the city .

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 ACTIVE PASSIVE [ EXERCISE-3 ]   by bo$ki 

     
  CHANGE THE VOICE OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES :

1. Peon rings the school bell .
2. He was closing the door .
3. They neglected us .
4. Sita has completed her work .
5. Mohan is drinking coffee .
6. The baker bakes the cake .
7. Riya had done her work .
8. They were chasing the dog .
9. You had annoyed your parents .

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   ACTIVE PASSIVE [ EXERCISE -4 ]    by bo$ki 

 CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO ACTIVE VOICE :

1. The puppy was rescued by them .
2. A pen was given him by Sachin .
3. He was given a rupee by me .
4. A pencil is being brought by her.
5. They are taken care of by us.
6. Let the books be read by you .
7. I was made house captain by my Principal .
8. The tiger was shot by him.
9. Let he be helped .
10. Five books have been purchased by him .

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ACTIVE PASSIVE [ EXERCISE -5]   by bo$ki 

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BY FILLING THE GIVEN BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE PASSIVE FORM OF VERB BY THE VERB GIVEN IN THE BRACKET

1. She _______ [marry] my friend next Sunday .
2. Gopal ______ [advice] by the teacher.
3. We _______ [support] by them.
4. The thief ____ [arrest].
5. These roads ______ [ repair] by U.P government last year .
6. I _______  [annoy ] by his behaviour .
7. The baby ________ [feed] by mother.
8. This  lesson _______ [ teach ] to us by an old teacher these days .
9. Football _____ [play] by me .
10. Tea _____ [take] by me .

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